Machine Tools | Definition, Classification, Basic Elements, List

What are machine tools?

Machine tools are defined as a tool which while holding the cutting tool would be able to remove metal from the workpiece.

Material is removed from the workpiece in order to generate desired shape. Some examples of M/C tools are milling cutter, drill bit, shaper etc.

Classifications based on capability of production of machine tools

On the basis of production capability M/C tools can be classified into following four types

1. General purpose machine tools

They can be used for almost any type of application but, the speed of production is very low.

2. Production machine tools

Slightly more productive than general purpose M/C tools and are used for production purposes.

3. Special purpose machine tools

They are specially made for mass production and are designed for particular application.

4. Single purpose machine tools

They are used for highly automated production processes, where the production rate is very high. They are least flexible.

Above graph will help you in understanding different types of M/C tools and their relative capacities.

Classification based on cutting points in M/C tool

1. Single point cutting tools

They have only one cutting edge for example, tool used in turning in lathe. I think It is difficult to understand, you can understand it in comparison to multi point cutting tools.

2. Multi points cutting tools

They have more than one cutting edges for example milling cutter, drill, hacksaw etc.

Basic elements of machine tools

M/C tools have four basic elements, which are

1. Work holding device
2. Tool holding device
3. Work motion mechanism
4. Tool motion mechanism
5. Support structure

List of machine tools

• Shaper
• Planner
• Broach
• Drill
• Gear shaper
• Hobbing machine
• Lathe
• Hone
• Milling machine
• Screw machines
• Saws
• Grinding machines